What Is the Hierarchy of Controls?

What Is the Hierarchy of Controls?

The hierarchy of controls is a method of identifying and ranking safeguards to

protect workers from hazards. They are arranged from the most to least effective and include elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment.

Often, you’ll need to combine control methods to best protect workers. For

example, a local exhaust system (an engineering control) requires training,

periodic inspections, and preventive maintenance (administrative controls). You

will also need to consider feasibility.

 

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PPE - Personal Protective Equipment & Its Importance...

Elimination makes sure the hazard no longer exists. Examples:

 • Ending the use of a hazardous material

• Doing work at ground level rather than at heights

• Stopping the use of noisy processes

 

Substitution means changing out a material or process to reduce the hazard. Examples:

 • Switching to a less hazardous material

• Switching to a process that uses less force, speed, temperature, or electrical current

 

Basics of Behavior Based Safety

Engineering Controls reduce exposure by preventing hazards from coming into

contact with workers. They still allow workers to do their jobs, though. Examples:

 • Noise enclosures

• Local exhaust ventilation

• Guardrail system

• Machine guards

• Interlocks

• Lift equipment

 

Administrative Controls change the way work is done or give workers more

information by providing workers with relevant procedures, training, or warnings.

They’re often used together with higher-level controls. They include:

 • Procedures, such as equipment inspections, planned preventive

maintenance, checklists, lockout/tagout/tryout, infection prevention and

control practices, changing work schedules, pre- and post-task reviews,

and rotation of workers

• Training on topics such as hazard communication, permit-required

confined space entry, lockout/tagout/tryout, and safe work procedures

• Warnings, such as signs, backup alarms, smoke detectors, computer

messages, mirrors, horns, labels, and instructions

 

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes clothing and devices to protect workers. PPE needs constant effort and attention (including proper use and training) from workers. Higher-level controls aren’t always feasible, and PPE might be needed in conjunction with other control measures. Examples:

 • Safety glasses

• Personal Fall Protection Systems and related equipment 

• Hardhats

• Respirators

• Hearing protection

• Protective clothing

 

 Lifting Gear Equipment Safety

 Chemical Safety...

 

 

Workplace Transport Safety

Safe Site – Activity

Reversing

Around a quarter of all deaths involving vehicles at work occur as a result of reversing.

It also results in considerable damage to vehicles, equipment, and property.

The most effective way of reducing reversing incidents is to remove the need to

reverse by, for example, using one-way systems. Where this is not possible, sites should be organized so that reversing is kept to a minimum. Where reversing is necessary, consider the following:

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■ Install barriers to prevent vehicles entering pedestrian zones.

■ Plan and clearly mark designated reversing areas.

■ Keep people away from reversing areas and operations.

■ Use portable radios or similar communication systems.

■ Increase drivers’ ability to see pedestrians.

■ Install equipment on vehicles to help the driver and pedestrians, eg reversing

alarms, flashing beacons and proximity-sensing devices.

 Basics of Behavior Based Safety

Signaling

The job of banksmen (or signalers) is to guide drivers and make sure reversing

areas are free of pedestrians. However, in some industries, such as quarrying,

banksmen are rarely used due to the size of the vehicles involved.

If you are using banksmen, make sure:

■ only trained banksmen are used.

■ they are always clearly visible to drivers.

■ a clear and recognized system is adopted.

■ they stand in a safe position throughout the reversing operation.

Parking

Parking areas should be clearly indicated and there should be separate parking

areas for commercial and private vehicles. There should also be designated areas.

Where commercial vehicles can be loaded and unloaded.

When vehicles are parked, their parking brakes should always be applied. On most trailers disconnecting the emergency airline does not apply the trailer parking brake.

Drivers should never leave a vehicle unattended without ensuring both the vehicle and the trailer are securely braked, the engine is off and the key to the vehicle has been removed.

Where appropriate, trailer legs should be lowered to the ground.

 Electrical Lockout and Tagout Procedure

Loading and unloading

To minimize the risks to those involved in loading and unloading, information should be provided on the nature of the load and how it should be properly loaded, secured, and unloaded. This information should accompany the load and be available to those involved in the loading, transportation and unloading activities.

The loading and unloading area should be:

■ clear of traffic and people not involved in the activity.

■ on level ground.

■ segregated from other work areas.

■ clear of overhead cables, pipes, or other obstructions.

■ protected from bad weather where possible.

Make sure vehicles and trailers have their brakes applied and all stabilizers are in the correct position before loading or unloading.

Throughout loading and unloading there should be a safe place where drivers can wait.

Make sure you take measures to prevent vehicles being driven off during either

loading or unloading at loading bays. These can include:

■ traffic lights on loading bays.

■ vehicle or trailer restraints.

■ keeping keys in a safe place, e.g., with a ‘custody’ system.

Material Handling Safety Training | Forklift Safety

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Fire Protection Measures

Fire Protection Measures

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•        Have a Procedures for evacuation and response

•        Building plans marked for fire exits, fire extinguishers, alarm points, smoke detectors, first aid boxes, main electrical panel, main water supply, evacuation routes, etc.

•        Methods required to prevent fires (e.g., storage of items, etc.)

•        Communicate fire safety plan and emergency response procedures to all employees and contractors.

•        Conduct fire drills at least twice a year (or as required by local jurisdiction)

•        Observe the response to fire drills, and adjust the plan as necessary to ensure its effectiveness

•        Post all emergency numbers and instructions close to telephones

•        Post the location/address of the building, with any specific instructions that may be needed by the responders

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•        Inspect all the fire extinguishers, fire alarm system, emergency lighting system, sprinkler system, and other fire protection monthly or as per the Fire Code and other applicable legislation.

•        All aisles, emergency exits, fire extinguishers, etc. must be kept clear of product or storage objects, fork trucks, etc. at all times

•        Exit routes from buildings must be clear of all obstructions

•        Each building must have at least two means of      escape separate from each other

•        Fire doors must not be left open unless equipped with self-closing mechanisms. Fire doors must be kept free of obstructions that would prevent the door from closing

•        Exit doors must open in an emergency (not permanently locked or chained closed)

•        Exit doors must be properly marked with signs indicating they are exits from the building

•        Install and maintain adequate emergency lighting to cover stair cases, washrooms, meeting rooms, parking lots, exits, etc.

Electrical Extension Cord Safety

•        For example: provide education and training to all designated employees on the type and correct use of fire extinguishers.

•        For example: fire wardens must be educated and trained in how to clear an area quickly and other related duties.

•        Mark all fire extinguishers clearly with the class of fire for which it is appropriate

•        Install fire extinguishers as per the Fire Code

•        Must be kept free of obstructions for easy access

•        Inspect portable fire extinguishers monthly or as required by your local jurisdiction

•        Provide and maintain adequate fire alarms and smoke alarms according to the Fire Code

•        Test periodically (monthly) or as according to your jurisdiction

•        If smoke alarm is battery operated, do not remove batteries unless they are replaced immediately with fresh batteries

•        Identify all sources of ignition (e.g., sparks, welding, smoking, hot plates, pilot lights, space heaters, boilers, furnace, etc.)

•        Make sure combustible or flammable items are not stored near ignition sources

Basic Safety Rules for Construction

•        Ensure appropriate fire walls are erected around hot equipment when required

•        Check ventilation rates for equipment and repair where appropriate

•        Make sure all the equipment and accessories used in hot work are in good working condition

•        Separate hot work areas from other operations

•        Keep combustible or flammable materials away from hot work areas

•        Develop safe work procedures for operations involving hot work

•        Use a “fire watch” attendant as necessary

•        Use appropriate personal protective equipment such as face shield, respirators, eye protection, etc.

•        Make sure that all electrical systems are installed and function according to any Codes that may apply

•        Identify and replace wiring that is not appropriate for the loads they are carrying

•        Repair or replace any exposed wiring

•        Do not overload electrical equipment or electrical outlets

Construction Crane Safety

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•        Replace extension cords that are being used for long term purposes with permanent wiring.

•        Develop a lock-out/tagout program for any work done on energized systems

•        Educate and train employees on electrical safety

•        Provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) where a risk of arc-flash or arc-blast is present

•        Include storage guidelines for combustible items within a certain distance of a heat source that complies with local Building and Fire Codes

Working Safely with Chemicals

 

How to Address Workplace Violence: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction:

Workplace violence is an unfortunate reality that can occur in any organization. It poses a significant risk to the safety, well-being, and productivity of employees. Addressing workplace violence is not only a moral imperative but also a legal and ethical responsibility for employers. In this article, we'll explore proactive strategies and effective steps to address workplace violence.

 Hazard Communications

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1. Create a Safe and Supportive Work Environment:

One of the primary ways to prevent workplace violence is by fostering a culture of respect and support within the organization. This includes:

Developing clear and comprehensive workplace violence policies and procedures.

Providing regular training to employees, supervisors, and managers on recognizing and preventing violence.

Encouraging open communication channels for employees to report concerns without fear of retaliation.

Promoting mentalhealth awareness and providing resources for employees to seek help when needed.

Establishing a zero-tolerance policy for workplace violence and harassment.

BASIC DRIVING SAFETY TIPS

2. Conduct Risk Assessments:

Identifying potential risks and vulnerabilities in the workplace is crucial. Conduct regular risk assessments to evaluate factors that could contribute to violence, such as:

High-stress work environments.

Working alone or in isolated areas.

Handling money or valuables.

Interactions with the public or clients.

Identifying these risk factors allows organizations to develop targeted prevention strategies.

 Basics of Behavior Based Safety

3. Implement Security Measures:

Enhancing security measures can be an effective way to address workplace violence, including:

Installing security cameras and alarms.

Employing security personnel or guards.

Restricting access to certain areas.

Implementing visitor sign-in procedures.

Providing panic buttons or emergency response systems.

These security measures can act as deterrents and provide a swift response in case of an incident.

 Horseplay - A Safety Concern

4. Develop a Crisis Response Plan:

Prepare for potential incidents by creating a comprehensive crisis response plan. This plan should include:

Emergency contact information for law enforcement and medical services.

Clear evacuation procedures.

Protocols for communicating with employees during a crisis.

Guidelines for documenting incidents and preserving evidence.

A well-prepared response can mitigate the impact of an incident and facilitate a swift return to normal operations.

 Electrical Lockout and Tagout Procedure

5. Provide Training and Education:

Invest in training programs that equip employees and managers with the knowledge and skills to recognize warning signs of potential violence. Training should cover:

Conflict resolution and de-escalation techniques.

Recognizing signs of domestic violence that may spill into the workplace.

Reporting procedures and how to handle threats or violent incidents.

6. Offer Support Services:

Support services, such as Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), can help employees deal with personal issues that may contribute to workplace violence. EAPs offer counseling and resources for employees facing stress, addiction, or personal problems.

 International Standards on Fall from Height

7. Encourage Reporting and Confidentiality:

Create a reporting mechanism that ensures employees feel safe reporting concerns about workplace violence. Guarantee confidentiality and non-retaliation for those who come forward. Encourage employees to trust the reporting process.

8. Investigate and Take Action:

When a report of workplace violence occurs, promptly investigate the incident. Ensure a fair and unbiased investigation process and take appropriate disciplinary actions if necessary. Communicate the outcomes of the investigation to all involved parties.

 Part 3 - Construction Safety Pictorial Guidelines

GENERAL SAFETY RULES IN THE WORKPLACE

Conclusion:

Addressing workplace violence requires a multifaceted approach that focuses on prevention, preparedness, and response. Creating a safe and supportive work environment, conducting risk assessments, and implementing security measures are proactive steps that can significantly reduce the risk of violence. Additionally, providing training, support services, and clear reporting procedures are essential components of a comprehensive workplace violence prevention program. By prioritizing the safety and well-being of employees, organizations can create a workplace where violence is less likely to occur, and where everyone can thrive.

 Laboratory Safety Measures

 

 

Hand Tools Safety

Hand Tools Safety - Do's

ü  Use tools designed to allow wrist to stay straight. Avoid using hand tools with your wrist bent. 

ü  Ensure that employees are properly trained in the safe use of hand tools. 

ü  Use good quality tools and always keep tools in good condition. 

ü  Inspect tools for defects before use. Replace or repair defective tools. 

ü  Keep cutting tools sharp and cover sharp edges with suitable covering to protect the tool and to prevent injuries from unintended contact. 

Fire Alarm System Basics

Evaluating and Selecting PPE for Worker Safety

ü  Replace cracked, splintered, or broken handles on files, hammers, screwdrivers, or sledges. 

ü  Ensure that the handles of tools like hammers and axes fit tightly into the head of the tool. 

ü  Replace worn jaws on wrenches, pipe tools and pliers. 

ü  Redress burred or mushroomed heads of striking tools. 

ü  Pull on a wrench or pliers. Never push unless you hold the tool with your palm open. 

ü  Point sharp tools (e.g., saws, chisels, knives) laying on benches away from aisles and handles should not extend over the edge of the bench top. 

Administrative Controls for Heat Stress

ü  Maintain tools carefully. Keep them clean and dry and store them properly after each use. 

ü  Carry tools in a sturdy toolbox to and from the work site. 

ü  Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles) and well-fitting gloves appropriate for the hazards to which you may be exposed when doing various tasks. 

ü  Use a heavy belt or apron and hang tools at your sides, not behind your back.

 

Industrial Hygiene

Types of Gases - Safety

 Hand Tools Safety - Dont's

Ø  Do not use tools for jobs they are not intended to do. For example, do not use a slot screw driver as a chisel, pry bar, wedge or punch or wrenches as hammers. 

Ø  Do not apply excessive force or pressure on tools. 

Ø  Do not cut towards yourself when using cutting tools. 

Ø  Do not hold the stock in the palm of your hand when using a cutting tool or a screwdriver. 

Ø  Do not wear bulky gloves to operate hand tools. 

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Ø  Do not throw tools. Hand them, handle them first, directly to other workers. 

Ø  Do not carry tools in a way that interferes with using both hands on a ladder, while climbing on a structure, or when doing any hazardous work. If working on a ladder or scaffold, tools should be raised and lowered using a bucket and hand line. 

Ø  Do not carry a sharp tool in your pocket.

Basic Safety Rules for Construction

 

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Rigging & Lifting Safety Training (Pictorial) – Part 1

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